Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?
Hydrogen #1
Helium #2
Lithium #3
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models?
Hydrogen: 1.0079
Helium: 4.0026
Lithium: 6.939
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?
Hydrogen: The proton and the electron are equal (1 each)
Helium: The proton and electron are equal (2 each)
Lithium: The proton and electron are equal (3 each)
Protons and electrons are always the same number.
4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models? What would change with the model?
For hydrogen I would add an neutron which would make it unequal.
I would add a neutron to the nucleus.
5. Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
The most volume is the electrons, but the most mass is the protons and neutrons.
6. For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.
7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?
It emits a photon of energy,which may be observed as light.
8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited?
They emit different colors because they have different levels of energy released when the electron returns to the ground state producing the light.
9. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly, explain how the colors of fireworks arise.
Using different elements such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium help make the firework hotter and shine brighter making the color brighter, this is called incandescence. Also some elements can produce color such as barium (green), copper (blue), sodium (yellow orange), and others can make other colors which is called luminescence.
10. Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.
Groups (families): vertical columns in the periodic table. Groups contain elements with similar chemical properties. Periods: Horizontal rows in the periodic table. Elements in a period demonstrate a range of properties from metallic (on left) to nonmetallic (on right). Groups are Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases, Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids.
11. List two example elements for each of these groups or classes:
Alkali Metals: Lithium and Sodium
Alkaline Earth: Beryllium and Magnesium
Halogens: Fluorine and Chlorine
Noble Gases: Argon and Helium
Transition Metals: Scandium and Yttrium
Non-Metals: Hydrogen and Carbon
Metalloids: Boron and Silicon
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