tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86081225299208947162024-02-07T03:19:46.124-08:00Visualizing ChemistryAshleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-40518090237283446982011-07-06T21:14:00.001-07:002011-07-10T20:31:48.135-07:00Activity 81. Choose any Teaching Idea from any of the Chemistry Simulations (<a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/chemistry" target="_blank">http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/chemistry</a> ) and post your results/data and/or answers on your blog.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b>Build an Molecule- Concept Questions</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>By Patricia Loeblein</b></div>(http://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/view/3434)<br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Which picture best displays atoms?</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A., </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B., </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Both would be described as “atoms”, or </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Both are better described as molecules</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Answer: A</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">2</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Which picture displays 2NH</span></span><span style="color: black; vertical-align: sub;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">3</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> A., B., C., or D. Two are correct</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Answer: D, both B and C</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">3. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Which could be hydrochloric acid?</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> A., B., C., or D. Two are correct</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Answer: A only if it is in a water solution.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">4</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Which could be </span></span><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">CO</span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; vertical-align: sub;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">2</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> A., B., C. Both are stable</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Answer: B</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">5</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">What is the name of this molecule?</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Methane, </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Tetrahydrogen carbide, </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Ammonia, or </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Water</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Answer: A Methane</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">6. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">What is the name of this molecule?</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Dihydrogen oxid, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Carbon dioxide, C.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Ammonia, or </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Water</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Answer: D. Water</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">7</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">What is the name of this molecule?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Dichloride, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Dichlorine, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Chlorine, or </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> This is not a stable molecule</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Answer: C. Chlorine</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">2. Work with any of the Chemistry Simulations to create your own Teaching Idea. The criteria for this is as follows:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">a. must identify and meet three (3) science education standards</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">b. must be original work</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">c. must be scientifically accurate and appropriate for the directed grade level.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Name:____________________________ Date:_____________</span></span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Microwaves<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Looking at how a microwave heats up food. 3</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">rd</span></span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Grade Students<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Science Standards:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">A.4.1 When conducting science investigations, ask and answer questions that will help decide the general areas of science being addressed<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">A.4.2 When faced with a science-related problem, decide what evidence, models, or explanations previously studied can be used to better understand what is happening now<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C.4.1 Use the vocabulary of the unifying themes to ask questions about objects, organisms, and events being studied<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C.4.2 Use the science content being learned to ask questions, plan investigations, make observations, make predictions, and offer explanations<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Set the simulation to: Single Line of Molecules with the Field View on Curve<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> 1. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Set the amplitude at 0.05 draw a picture of what happens:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="4" width="51"></td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img height="217" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="505" /></span></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">2. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Press the reset button and set the amplitude at 0.25, do the water molecules move faster or slower? ___________________</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Press reset and set the amplitude at 0.25 and the frequency at 0.00300, do the water molecules move faster or slower than the time before?_____________<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">4.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Play with the amplitude raising it an lowering it does lowering the amplitude make the water molecules move faster or slower?____________________<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">5.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Use the simulation to test if raising and lowering the frequency will make the water molecules move faster or slower, and write a sentence telling what you found….______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6.</span></span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">When the water molecules move faster in the microwave that means the temperature is raising or lowering?___________________</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-58672494482934693342011-07-06T21:13:00.001-07:002011-07-10T19:26:28.513-07:00Activity 71. Review the Content Slides Acids and Bases on the D2L site.<br />
2. Complete the Teaching Idea “Concept Questions for Chemistry using PhET” posted by Trish Loeblein on the pH Scale simulation at PHET (<a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ph-scale">http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ph-scale</a>). On your blog post the answers with your scientific explanations from the “Clicker Questions pH Scale” posted by Trish.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1. The color of a solution identifies if it is an acid, base, or neutral solution</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">True B. False C. Pink are base and clear are acid</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">B </span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Show </span></span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">sim</span></span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">: the left is milk, then blood, then a custom liquid like </span></span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">NaOH</span></span></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></div><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">2. Which solution is basic?</span><br />
<div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.44in; margin-top: 5.76pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div> A, B, C, D(more than one), or E(None)<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D</span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> (</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B and C) A milk, B blood C. custom at pH =12</span></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">3. Which solution is acidic?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> A, B, C, D(More than one, or E(Difficult to tell)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C, but they may argue E A. Custom pH</span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> =13 B. water pH =7 C. vomit pH=2</span></span></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">4</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. Which solution is basic?</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> A, B, C, D(more than one), or E(None)</div><div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> B A.</span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Water pH =7 </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">B. pH =13 C. soda pop pH =2.5</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></div></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">5</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. Which solution is acidic?</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> A, B, C, D(more than one), or E(None)</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">D (A and B) </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">A. Coffee pH =5 B. soda pop pH =2.5 C. custom</span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> pH =13</span></span></span></div><div></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">6. How will adding water effect the pH?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Increase the pH, </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Decrease the pH, or </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C.</span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">No pH change</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A more water</span></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> lessens the acidity, so pH goes up</span></span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">7</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. How will equal amount of water effect the pH?</span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">A.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Increase the pH, </span></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">B.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Decrease the pH, <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">C.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">The pH will be cut in half, </span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">D.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">No pH change</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">B: more water</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> lessens the </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">basicity</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> , so pH goes down,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> but not by 2 (log scale)</span></span></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">8</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. What is the order from most acidic to most basic?</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A B C, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A C B, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B A C, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C B A, or </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">E.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C A B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">A: </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> A milk, B blood C. custom at pH =12</span></span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">9. What is the order from most acidic to most basic?</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A B C, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A C B, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B A C, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C B A, or </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">E.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C A B</span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">C A.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Water pH =7 </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">B. pH =13 C. soda pop pH =2.5</span></span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">10. If spit has a pH = 7.4, what does that tell you about the water equilibrium?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> 2H</span><span style="vertical-align: sub;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">2</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">O </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">«</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> OH</span><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">-</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> + H</span><span style="vertical-align: sub;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">3</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">O</span><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">+ </span></span><br />
<div><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">A.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Something was added that made the equilibrium shift left</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -.81in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> B.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Something was added that made the equilibrium shift right</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -.81in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> C.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">pH has nothing to do with the water equilibrium</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -.81in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> A: </span><span style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Since the pH is not 7, then something was added to make the equilibrium shift left. For example, <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">if </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">NaOH</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> was added to water, OH</span></span><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">-</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> is immediately in the solution and some of it will react with the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><span style="vertical-align: sub;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">+</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> , so the pH (which is inversely related to [H</span></span><span style="vertical-align: sub;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">+</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> ]), goes up. </span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> If something like </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">HCl</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> were added there would be more H</span></span><span style="vertical-align: sub;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">+</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> , which would also cause a shift</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> left, but there would be less OH</span></span><span style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">-</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> , (which is directly related to pH), so the pH is less than 7.</span></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div>3. Complete the Teaching Idea “Intro to Strong and Weak Acids and Bases” posted by Chris Bires on the Acid-Base Solutions simulation (<a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/acid-base-solutions">http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/acid-base-solutions</a>) and post on your blog your data and answers to the questions posed.<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.2pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.1pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.3pt;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Strong Acid<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Weak Acid<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Strong Base<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Weak Base<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Water<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 43.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.1pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">pH meter read<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(value)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.3pt;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">4.5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">12<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">9.5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 43.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.1pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">pH paper<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(color)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.3pt;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Red 2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Orange 4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Blue 13<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Grey 9<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Yellow 7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 43.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.1pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Conductivity<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(bright/dim/none)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.3pt;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Bright<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Dim<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Bright<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Dim<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 43.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">None<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 45.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 45.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.1pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Exists as Mostly<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(ions/molecules)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.3pt;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Molecules<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Molecules<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Molecules<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Molecules<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.15pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Molecules</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Strong Acids<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.3pt;" valign="top" width="98"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Strength<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Initial Acid Concentration (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[HA] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[A-] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[H+] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">pH<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.3pt;" valign="top" width="98"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="62" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.010 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">100x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">100x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">2</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.3pt;" valign="top" width="98"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="62" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.050 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">5.00x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">5.00x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.3</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.3pt;" valign="top" width="98"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="62" /></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.100 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.3pt;" valign="top" width="98"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="62" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">1.00 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10 0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10 0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">0</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Weak Acids<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Strength </span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(approximately)</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Initial Acid Concentration </span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(mol/L)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[HA] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[A-] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[H+] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">pH<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="122" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.015 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.54x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3.92x10-5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3.92x10-5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">4.41</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="122" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.150 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.50x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.22x10-4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.22x10-4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3.91</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" width="126" /></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.015 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.51x10-4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.48x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.48x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.83</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="126" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.150 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.29x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.37x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.37x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">.86</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Strong Bases <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.6pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Strength<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.8pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Initial Acid Concentration (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[MOH] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[M+] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[OH-] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">pH<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.6pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="62" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.8pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.010 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">12</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.6pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034" width="62" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.8pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.050 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">5.00x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">5.00x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">12.70</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.6pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035" width="62" /></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.8pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.100 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">13<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.6pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1036" width="62" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.8pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">1.00 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">negligible<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10 0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.00x10 0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">14</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Weak Bases<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Strength </span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(approximately)</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Initial Acid Concentration </span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">(mol/L)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[B] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[BH+] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[OH-] (mol/L)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">pH<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1037" width="122" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.015 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.50x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3.87x10-5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3.87x10-5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">9.59</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1038" width="122" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.150 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.50x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.22x10-4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.22x10-4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">10.09</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1039" width="126" /></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.015 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.51x10-4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.48x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.48x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">12.17<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.45pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><img height="19" src="file:///C:/Users/Student/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1040" width="126" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.45pt;" valign="top" width="197"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">.150 M<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.29x10-2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.37x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1.37x10-1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .55in;" valign="top" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">13.14</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 110%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 110%;">Conclusion Questions:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">A strong acid <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">very concentrated</span> / exists primarily as ions</i>. (circle)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">A weak base is a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nonelectrolyte / weak electrolyte / <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">strong electrolyte</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">A strong base is a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nonelectrolyte / <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">weak electrolyte</span> / strong electrolyte</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">At the same concentration (Molarity) a strong acid will have a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">higher / <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">lower</span> / the same</i> pH as a weak acid.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">5.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">As concentration of a weak acid increases, the pH <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">increases / <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">decreases</span> / remains constant</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">6.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">As concentration of a weak base increases, the pH <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">increases</span> / decreases / remains constant</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">7.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">As the concentration of a weak acid increases, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">number of ions</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">increases / <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">decreases</span> / remains constant</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">8.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">As the concentration of a weak acid increases, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">conductivity</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">increases</span> / decreases / remains constant</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">9.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">As the strength of a weak acid increases, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">proportion</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">of ions to molecules</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">increases / decreases</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">10.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">As the strength of a weak acid increases, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">conductivity</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">increases</span> / decreases / remains constant</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">11.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">What are the pH values of a weak acid with a concentration of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">0.10</b> and a strong acid with a concentration of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">0.01</b>, ten times lower? Weak acid, 0.10 M : <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4.35</span> Strong Acid, 0.01 M : <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: magenta; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">1.00</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<br />
</div>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-28949354452251836592011-07-06T21:12:00.001-07:002011-07-07T19:52:51.999-07:00Activity 61. Convert 0°F, 32°F, 70°F, and 212°F to Kelvin<br />
<b> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">0°F</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (0°F- 32)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (-32)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= -17.77</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °K= -17.77+273.15</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">°K= 255.37</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">32°F</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (32°F-32)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (0)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= 0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °K= 0+273.15</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">°K= 273.15</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">70°F</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (70°F-32)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (38)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= 21.111</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °K= 21.111+273.15</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">°K= 294.26</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">212°F</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (212°F-32)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= (180)/1.8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °C= 100</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °K= 180+273.15</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> °K= 373.15</span></b><br />
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2. Complete the Teaching Idea: States of Matter Simulation Lab by Kelly Vaughan. Complete the lab worksheet as if you were a student, and then post this on your blog. You can scan it or just take a picture of it.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwm5k36HDpBfuQXDiZT4Ddf9tey_tmSct6yHbX-R48_NdDITTQtvWN7Pz3vkYV-64sixp8x5k1F0dr9NhoNite4VxFFzrBwx0JaEMvquGB7-hTYO5sz9nIbxVnqiXEWz16mgveIpN57j8/s1600/2011-07-079521.26.50.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwm5k36HDpBfuQXDiZT4Ddf9tey_tmSct6yHbX-R48_NdDITTQtvWN7Pz3vkYV-64sixp8x5k1F0dr9NhoNite4VxFFzrBwx0JaEMvquGB7-hTYO5sz9nIbxVnqiXEWz16mgveIpN57j8/s320/2011-07-079521.26.50.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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3. In the States of Matter simulation, choose the Solid, Liquid, and Gas Tab at the top of the screen. Choose the water molecule and cool the water to 0 K. Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">They all fell to the bottom and stopped wiggling stacked on each other in a cluster, all of the molecules are touching one hydrogen atom to another oxygen atom.</span><br />
4. Switch to the Phase Changes Tab on the States of Matter simulation. Notice how on the bottom right there is a small red dot that indicates where the system is at as far as temperature, pressure and state of matter. Play with the simulation to notice changes, notice that when you push down the pressure can go way up and explode the box. On your blog, report a temperature and pressure required to make oxygen a liquid. This is sometimes how the oxygen exists in pressurized oxygen tanks, perhaps like ones you may use to go diving.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> 172K</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> 19ATM Pressure</span><br />
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5. List and describe at least two Science Standards that this activity addresses.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">D.4.3. Understand that substances can exist in different states-solid, liquid, gas</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> This activity shows many different substances and shows what they look like in all different states.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> D.4.4 Observe and describe changes in form, temperature, color, speed, and direction of objects and construct explanations for the changes </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> This activity has you looking at the speed, shape, and movements of the molecules when the temperatures are changed, and it has you predicting what will happen and explaining why things happen the way they do.</span></span>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-15512004019170188402011-07-06T21:10:00.000-07:002011-07-07T13:49:17.043-07:00Activity 51. Run the Build an Atom simulation <a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom" target="_blank">http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom</a> and build a neutral lithium atom and a neutral boron atom. Take a picture, or a screen shot, of these two atoms and place them on your blog. List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each. Also look up and post the density for each of the elements on your blog.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Lithium: Protons 3, Electrons 3, Neutrons 4</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Density: 0.534 g/cm3</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisIAOZRmIQTPAC3ujCYWApRfAHqDpnABKSZVVLz9oZR4WMKNeLfWxPthHqHkIuW9ENxg3q_9ms2dc27J45_uzeT2uHhblRE2-l3gg2tBR-UThVylC0C2-eoc6OzaQJ8NJZ-mbxJxwnbvw/s1600/2011-07-079514.06.31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisIAOZRmIQTPAC3ujCYWApRfAHqDpnABKSZVVLz9oZR4WMKNeLfWxPthHqHkIuW9ENxg3q_9ms2dc27J45_uzeT2uHhblRE2-l3gg2tBR-UThVylC0C2-eoc6OzaQJ8NJZ-mbxJxwnbvw/s320/2011-07-079514.06.31.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Boron: Protons 5, Electrons 5, Neutrons 6</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Density: 2.34 g/cm3</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCJKmXEFhSP3wl99k_dshNPOlQWrpHNCll4a5Z5TsByGammZn2IZKQNGnB9FOx4RK6RkJEYpaf2_93HybCCn4cSyZ17-pT1CNw3KIgVuUCAg4B0Z1kDzOx_Rhv8jk4TYwBCi2BrCr8XA8/s1600/2011-07-079514.09.04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCJKmXEFhSP3wl99k_dshNPOlQWrpHNCll4a5Z5TsByGammZn2IZKQNGnB9FOx4RK6RkJEYpaf2_93HybCCn4cSyZ17-pT1CNw3KIgVuUCAg4B0Z1kDzOx_Rhv8jk4TYwBCi2BrCr8XA8/s320/2011-07-079514.09.04.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div>2. Define density and the equation for density and post on your blog.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Density is an objects mass per unit volume. d= m/v It is the amount of matter in a given amount of space.</span><br />
3. Run the Density simulation <a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/density" target="_blank">http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/density</a> and complete one(your choice) of the prepared Teaching Ideas and post your results on your blog. The activity you choose should be one of the student intended activities.<br />
<div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Object<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Sink<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(negative buoyancy)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Float<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(positive buoyancy)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">In the middle<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(neutral buoyancy)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Empty canister with top on<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Canister filled with water<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Canister half filled with water<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Canister with cotton ball<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Canister with beans<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Beans<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Canister with pebbles<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
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<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Wood block<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
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<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Styrofoam ball<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.9pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="199"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Rock<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">X<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
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</tbody></table></div><br />
4. Complete the Mystery Blocks activity on the Density simulation. Post on your blog the data you collected (mass, volume, and density) and the identification of the material and the known density.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> A: Mass: 65.14 kg/Volume: 3.38 L= 19.27kg/L Gold</span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> B: Mass: 0.64 kg/Volume 1 L= 0.64 kg/L Apple</span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> C: Mass: 4.08 kg/Volume: 5.83 L= 0.69 kg/L Gasoline</span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> D: Mass: 3.10 kg/Volume: 3.38 L= 0.91 kg/L Ice</span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> E: Mass: 3.53 kg/Volume: 1 L= 3.53 kg/L Diamond</span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>5. Identify and post on your blog the Science Standards that could be met through these activities completed in Activity 5<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">A.4.2 When faced with a science-related problem, decide what evidence, models, or explanations previously studied can be used to better understand what is happening now</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">B.4.1 Use encyclopedias, source books, texts, computers, teachers, parents, other adults, journals, popular press, and various other sources, to help answer science-related questions and plan investigations</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C.4.1 Use the vocabulary of the unifying themes to ask questions about objects, organisms, and events being studied</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C.4.3 Select multiple sources of information to help answer questions selected for classroom investigations</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C.4.6 Communicate the results of their investigations in ways their audiences will understand by using charts, graphs, drawings, written descriptions, and various other means, to display their answer</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">D.4.1 Understand that objects are made of more than one substance, by observing, describing and measuring the properties of earth materials, including properties of size, weight, shape, color, temperature, and the ability to react with other substances</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">D.4.2 Group and/or classify objects and substances based on the properties of earth materials</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">E.4.1 Investigate that earth materials are composed of rocks and soils and correctly use the vocabulary for rocks, minerals, and soils during these investigations</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-915810456903178562011-07-06T21:08:00.000-07:002011-07-06T21:59:13.935-07:00Activity 4<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">A.4.5 When studying a science-related problem, decide what changes over time are occurring or have occurred</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">When traveling to New Mexico to visit family we came across a rock in the desert that is shaped like a camel, and it is called Camel Rock. It is sand stone I believe and has been there for many years. When I thought about how it was formed I at first thought it was there forever, but when I thought harder and took a geology class I realized it formed from the wind and sand, over many years the wind and sand have been eroding at the sides which has given it its shape. Once I realized that I thought that someday it may fall over and no one will see it anymore and I will be able to say I got to see it.</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">B.4.1 Use encyclopedias, source books, texts, computers, teachers, parents, other adults, journals, popular press, and various other sources, to help answer science-related questions and plan investigations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">When I was in grade school we took a trip to the local forrest and met with a forrest ranger who taught us about various things we need to know about the wild. We went on a nature walk, had a nature scavenger hunt, and found some porcupine needles and talked about the different animals we could see in the woods. We also got the talk about wood ticks and had to search our bodies for them. This was an interesting trip because I remember that their were some students that never really went out in the woods and didn't know that much about it. I learned that people have different experiences and need to learn about the things they are not experiencing.</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">C.4.1 Use the vocabulary of the unifying themes to ask questions about objects, organisms, and events being studied</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Parts of the plant, I seen a teacher teaching student in high school at Barron who were from Somalia and did not learn things in grade school such as parts of the plant and also had troubles speaking english. She showed them different objects that were parts of the plant separate then they wrote it on their worksheets. This was crazy to see someone at that age learning something that is simple but hard because of the language barrier.</span> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">D.4.2 Group and/or classify objects and substances based on the properties of earth materials</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">I created a bulletin board for a preschool classroom that has land and water forms children are to sort the land from water and also sort the animals that live on land or in water. This is an activity you can teach to the class and do together then separate the students in to groups of 2 or 3 and let them manipulate it together. I found some youtube videos that I could also show the class that teaches about land and water forms.</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">E.4.6 Using the science themes, find patterns and cycles in the earth's daily, yearly, and long-term changes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Weather, the weather is something that people are talking about every day, and in Wisconsin it is changing a lot all year round. Every day at circle time in my classroom this summer we pick a weather helper and sing "What's the Weather Like?" and the student goes to the window and looks out to see if it is sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, windy, etc. Then the student comes and fills out the weather wheel such as today they put it on Hot and Sunny! This is a great way for students to learn about weather and see the changes as the year goes seeing it is a slow process.</span> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">F.4.1 Discover* how each organism meets its basic needs for water, nutrients, protection, and energy* in order to survive</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">In one of my classes I made a game that helps preschool children understand what animals need to live, this was the most basic animal the dog. It contains a dog and things the dog needs to live. It has dog food, dog treats, leashes, collars, brushes, a dog house, and a few other things. The students use these to understand what a someone might need to raise a dog. If I did this for an animal in the wild I would pick something that lives in the area and work out from there.</span> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">G.4.2 Discover* what changes in technology have occurred in a career chosen by a parent, grandparent, or an adult friend over a long period of time</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">My mom started working at a place called the print shop before I was born, she typed up things for the paper. The company started growing so she was taught how to use different programs on the computer to do more things such as business cards, invitations, and other things like that. The company began to really grow and had to build a new building for their company. My mom was given a newer computer hand taught even more programs and has upgraded many times over the years. She is now a qualified graphic designer when before she started out as a typesetter on a little old computer, when now she has a huge Mac flat screen computer. I also seen that printing press grow from a little room to a big ware house.</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">H.4.1 Describe* how science and technology have helped, and in some cases hindered, progress in providing better food, more rapid information, quicker and safer transportation, and more effective health care</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Science has helped me in the health part by always gaining on information and keeping up on what is new. I was very sick and needed to try drugs that were not approved for my illness called study drugs, and I had a 50/50 chance of getting the real drug or a placebo. I tried these drugs, this is the way for researchers to figure out what will work and help people be healthy even though it may not have helped me, I may have helped someone in the future get something that works.</span></span></span><br />
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</span></span></span>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-38268271045195244822011-07-06T20:59:00.000-07:002011-07-07T12:00:03.916-07:00Activity 31. Post a picture of three 3-dimensional Ball and Stick molecular models(choose your three favorite molecules) that you have created with common items around your home. Also post a molecular structure image(image from the web, of either a Kekule Structure or a Ball and Stick Model) and the IUPAC name of the molecule.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Water: H2O</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Carbon Dioxide: CO2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Methane: CH4</span><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi4Olpkk9LZjyEYSKQ_qTWElifgH20sYufeszvEm7ect2pm4xvTzX6bt0YE9HmwuLAl0bOAa9MJ4ssGcmtI6kuyMto9K-WE9Ts2uqyiRnT0iJBOo9iJdPZ6t87eWn3qzTvM-0X5z8ZHmg/s1600/CIMG1603.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><b>Molecular structure image of Benzene.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM_rgms1XQHrkBkawkwKPkWLZ3NNCCvzzxXo6IgJI_MUyUjCt7kkDwd-Ol6ZACqt4y_ErmN-3ct1N3KyxIMoGiYNsRYspVbPm_j-5pMF-ztiJoCOYYtekGgN7F59EFqTtim7tIxPbvaj4/s1600/9356003-a-ball-and-stick-model-of-benzene.jpg.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM_rgms1XQHrkBkawkwKPkWLZ3NNCCvzzxXo6IgJI_MUyUjCt7kkDwd-Ol6ZACqt4y_ErmN-3ct1N3KyxIMoGiYNsRYspVbPm_j-5pMF-ztiJoCOYYtekGgN7F59EFqTtim7tIxPbvaj4/s1600/9356003-a-ball-and-stick-model-of-benzene.jpg.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
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2. Post an image from the web, the chemical systematic (IUPAC) name, common name, and the molecule formula for 20 chemicals that you use or eat. Explore the ingredients of things like cosmetics and foods.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>1</b>. Water: H2O</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGW8qBl-qQdj2C9i3OkUWz6lKOkbslQtW4M4ryravHpO8ulo5gDXLEM1Zi789OVRvhTsHU5f8OMiXvHyrcyJvUUdKIlXAd1YEorW9h69eiooEXQIxUwkapuhDLozvNARFXHNUJElBgyNY/s1600/106px-Water_molecule_3D.svg.png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGW8qBl-qQdj2C9i3OkUWz6lKOkbslQtW4M4ryravHpO8ulo5gDXLEM1Zi789OVRvhTsHU5f8OMiXvHyrcyJvUUdKIlXAd1YEorW9h69eiooEXQIxUwkapuhDLozvNARFXHNUJElBgyNY/s1600/106px-Water_molecule_3D.svg.png.png" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>2</b>. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Sodium Chloride (Salt): NaCl</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsKeZgk9BCGs6-uh1ETarMs24MSOp_4apN15iB7wmgeSfpk3WoeX_fMqVBobzEThPx-zEFRM-AbOGC_TQb9MZlSkyYsxfG-VxS7AMKoW6KbZWPhss9qt4k8XOxPAUoH0rZQLfgdIjC9dA/s1600/200px-NaCl_polyhedra.png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsKeZgk9BCGs6-uh1ETarMs24MSOp_4apN15iB7wmgeSfpk3WoeX_fMqVBobzEThPx-zEFRM-AbOGC_TQb9MZlSkyYsxfG-VxS7AMKoW6KbZWPhss9qt4k8XOxPAUoH0rZQLfgdIjC9dA/s1600/200px-NaCl_polyhedra.png.png" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>3</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(2</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">R</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,3</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">R</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,4</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">S</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,5</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">S</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,6</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">R</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">)-2-[(2</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">S</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,3</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">S</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,4</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">S</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,5</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">R</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(Sucrose): </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">12</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">22</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">11</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrlNgstPOuxCaWJqL7tW9h6968dMDWRtuxEuCBpXuFaYhmZA14FGuUtIvHcIS6x2FQaUk24cV4SC3Kf4t102Lp85x-KA-rFmsiBE6kO3aprTxV-3ZoAc3WFu08AfQO2hUF2HWA10gy80Y/s1600/200px-Sucrose_CASCC.png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrlNgstPOuxCaWJqL7tW9h6968dMDWRtuxEuCBpXuFaYhmZA14FGuUtIvHcIS6x2FQaUk24cV4SC3Kf4t102Lp85x-KA-rFmsiBE6kO3aprTxV-3ZoAc3WFu08AfQO2hUF2HWA10gy80Y/s1600/200px-Sucrose_CASCC.png.png" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"></sub></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>4</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">R</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,3</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">R</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,4</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">S</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">g</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">]pteridine-2,4(3</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,10</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">)-dione</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> (Riboflavin): </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">17</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">20</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">N</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">4</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJf1z-fDR9RvHkjapqhjJHlG37ov719d8MShri_vwAFu0V6Mb2e68ouU6A2nRJLCeq1cOsA9LTHuOfEPNhoIp5q96PGCtzUSGv0qzo1efO-UZaNWDilcl8x6Rpj5NhaIcPp6pDcBOKAq8/s1600/100px-Riboflavin.svg.png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJf1z-fDR9RvHkjapqhjJHlG37ov719d8MShri_vwAFu0V6Mb2e68ouU6A2nRJLCeq1cOsA9LTHuOfEPNhoIp5q96PGCtzUSGv0qzo1efO-UZaNWDilcl8x6Rpj5NhaIcPp6pDcBOKAq8/s1600/100px-Riboflavin.svg.png.png" style="cursor: move;" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></sub></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>5</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Nicotinic acid </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(Niacin): </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">NH</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">5</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">2</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSjfIaEuB84cioITp8_M63We_vBxtA2SFQwj5Lf_Fd1BkajWyKXnMqll1jXjmyZOApTIYYQNryLwnMJblubgnRQuBascu1VD4-o7cZOF0eqd5JmhHAd9E1HJfG8Pwvc5PBHoS2xpLTqoA/s1600/121px-Niacin-3D-balls.png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSjfIaEuB84cioITp8_M63We_vBxtA2SFQwj5Lf_Fd1BkajWyKXnMqll1jXjmyZOApTIYYQNryLwnMJblubgnRQuBascu1VD4-o7cZOF0eqd5JmhHAd9E1HJfG8Pwvc5PBHoS2xpLTqoA/s1600/121px-Niacin-3D-balls.png.png" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"></sub></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>6</b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)amino]propanoic acid (Pantothenic Acid): </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">9</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">17</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">NO</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">5</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pantothenic_acid_structure.svg/200px-Pantothenic_acid_structure.svg.png" /></span></i></b></span></span></sub></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>7</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">[(4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methoxy]phosphonic acid (Pyridoxal Phosphate): </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">8</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">10</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">NO</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">P</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pyridoxal-phosphate-3D-balls.png/210px-Pyridoxal-phosphate-3D-balls.png" /> </span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></i></b></span> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>8</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(2</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">S</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">(Folic Acid): </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">19</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">19</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">N</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">7</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Folic_Acid_SFM.png/250px-Folic_Acid_SFM.png" /></span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>9</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">2-oxo-L-threo-hexono-1,4- lactone-2,3-enediol (Vitamin C): </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial;" title="Carbon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span></a><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial;" title="Hydrogen"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span></a><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">8</span></span></span></sub><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial;" title="Oxygen"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span></a><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></sup></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png/200px-Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png" /></span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>10</b>. Calcium: Ca</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTm6t8fHS8SY4lsMINvaMktPMCcdD3K-n07U-Pbr1bGb32IAdId" /></span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>11</b>. Iron: Fe</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Heme_b.png/220px-Heme_b.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Heme_b.png/220px-Heme_b.png" /></span></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>12</b>. Magnesium: Mg</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="data:image/jpg;base64,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" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" src="data:image/jpg;base64,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" /></span></i></b></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>13</b>. Phosphorus: P</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Phosphorus-pentoxide-3D-balls.png/100px-Phosphorus-pentoxide-3D-balls.png" /></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>14</b>. Potassium:K</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRn28r79JPVEZdH78LZ4ogeJ2w5sfvU15QV9ZkzIS8J1ESmegWJLg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRn28r79JPVEZdH78LZ4ogeJ2w5sfvU15QV9ZkzIS8J1ESmegWJLg" /></span></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>15</b>. Zinc: Zn</span></span><br />
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" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" height="149" src="data:image/jpg;base64,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" width="200" /></span></span></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>16</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">1,3,7-trimethyl-1</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">-purine-2,6(3</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">,7</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">)-dione 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> (Caffeine): </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">8</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">10</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">N</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">4</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">2</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Caffeine-3D-vdW.png/200px-Caffeine-3D-vdW.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Caffeine-3D-vdW.png/200px-Caffeine-3D-vdW.png" /></span></i></b></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>17</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid ( Citric Acid): </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">8</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">O</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">7</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Citric-acid-3D-balls.png/200px-Citric-acid-3D-balls.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Citric-acid-3D-balls.png/200px-Citric-acid-3D-balls.png" /></span></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>18</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">trihydroxidooxidophosphorus (</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">phosphoric acid): H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">PO</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">4</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Phosphoric-acid-3D-vdW.png/130px-Phosphoric-acid-3D-vdW.png" /></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>19</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Calcium propanoate: </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">C</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">6</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">H</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">10</span></span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">CaO</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">4</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calcium_propanoate.png/200px-Calcium_propanoate.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calcium_propanoate.png/200px-Calcium_propanoate.png" /></span></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br />
</span></span></span></sub></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"></sub></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>20</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Sodium nitrate:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">NaNO</span></span><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">3</span></span></span></sub></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sodium-nitrate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/120px-Sodium-nitrate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sodium-nitrate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/120px-Sodium-nitrate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" /></span></span></a></div><br />
3. Look over your molecules and the bonding characteristics, how many bonds does each of the following elements typically have? Carbon? Hydrogen? Oxygen?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Carbon: 4</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Hydrogen: 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Oxygen: 2</span><br />
4. What does IUPAC stand for?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</span><br />
5. As you explore ingredients, notice how everything around us is made up of chemicals consisting of atoms bound together into molecules. But what about companies that claim their products are chemical free! How can this be?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Companies make their products using only natural products that form a bond but do not have any harsh chemicals in it.</span>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-59013273190045037422011-07-06T20:23:00.000-07:002011-07-07T09:31:34.606-07:00Activity 2<b>Activity 2 Hydrogen Helium Lithium</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Hydrogen</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUCX9GPPYE0kAL1IeOoV03iuJf9vZJ6zLRP0LejnwfHyjrwlQfMFrCsu4hHJZtoW5_cIdO4Z7hJaqyCm-NIFapFe_KnBa0BQLQFFEvmmMCiv6JrKVeXLMYxtxEy9PDxyJkxdndv7nVcKw/s1600/CIMG1597.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUCX9GPPYE0kAL1IeOoV03iuJf9vZJ6zLRP0LejnwfHyjrwlQfMFrCsu4hHJZtoW5_cIdO4Z7hJaqyCm-NIFapFe_KnBa0BQLQFFEvmmMCiv6JrKVeXLMYxtxEy9PDxyJkxdndv7nVcKw/s320/CIMG1597.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Helium</b><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUMn-o84xr38SljWTWSkfszSpDB6JUcIfY8kzebJmdEVVdRhvRCq1sD5_qSgACv1I7xhyHD8kvfkMKYH0pIpRot71zvT5ppR-qBzgY_-ocej6jlezD1hTtrWLR8QWgFzyjiy5tRVuVKxk/s1600/CIMG1596.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUMn-o84xr38SljWTWSkfszSpDB6JUcIfY8kzebJmdEVVdRhvRCq1sD5_qSgACv1I7xhyHD8kvfkMKYH0pIpRot71zvT5ppR-qBzgY_-ocej6jlezD1hTtrWLR8QWgFzyjiy5tRVuVKxk/s320/CIMG1596.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Lithium</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEvrPb5924GsYj8HPQKzbm20t-iVgoP0IWuU0urK6BkfOm6MXvK2rC4EYeGybSIiG-Fcjc0gkFSLgo3r0YzwJqsYb1ymQMENzuX7yOmGvgAN_Qd9ljgZ1qyLTennZwQg0BIE8Mrlo1wCw/s1600/CIMG1598.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEvrPb5924GsYj8HPQKzbm20t-iVgoP0IWuU0urK6BkfOm6MXvK2rC4EYeGybSIiG-Fcjc0gkFSLgo3r0YzwJqsYb1ymQMENzuX7yOmGvgAN_Qd9ljgZ1qyLTennZwQg0BIE8Mrlo1wCw/s320/CIMG1598.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><b><br />
</b><br />
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Hydrogen #1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Helium #2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Lithium #3</span><br />
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Hydrogen: 1.0079</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Helium: 4.0026</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Lithium: 6.939</span><br />
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Hydrogen: The proton and the electron are equal (1 each)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Helium: The proton and electron are equal (2 each)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Lithium: The proton and electron are equal (3 each)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Protons and electrons are always the same number.</span><br />
4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models? What would change with the model?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">For hydrogen I would add an neutron which would make it unequal.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> I would add a neutron to the nucleus.</span><br />
5. Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">The most volume is the electrons, but the most mass is the protons and neutrons.</span><br />
6. For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEMl3kJy77DJ_UYvSQZ0rgSHimEIUVAg07Mwkg-88e6FiFWLRjsj2wTFJz4s3z-E-t2HShpaAb4ZOBGGeFfy-REkTeY0G6r7aPglnRcaP7thVY0rgYCq5b2gotbYYx6_J8Myw4HRF1dkc/s1600/CIMG1600.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEMl3kJy77DJ_UYvSQZ0rgSHimEIUVAg07Mwkg-88e6FiFWLRjsj2wTFJz4s3z-E-t2HShpaAb4ZOBGGeFfy-REkTeY0G6r7aPglnRcaP7thVY0rgYCq5b2gotbYYx6_J8Myw4HRF1dkc/s320/CIMG1600.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">The electron gets excited and comes off the ring and moves to the next or it will cease to bond to the atom.</span><br />
7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state? <br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">It emits a photon of energy,which may be observed as light.</span><br />
8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">They emit different colors because they have different levels of energy released when the electron returns to the ground state producing the light.</span><br />
9. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly, explain how the colors of fireworks arise.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Using different elements such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium help make the firework hotter and shine brighter making the color brighter, this is called incandescence. Also some elements can produce color such as barium (green), copper (blue), sodium (yellow orange), and others can make other colors which is called luminescence.</span><br />
10. Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Groups (families): vertical columns in the periodic table. Groups contain elements with similar chemical properties. Periods: Horizontal rows in the periodic table. Elements in a period demonstrate a range of properties from metallic (on left) to nonmetallic (on right). Groups are Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases, Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids.</span><br />
11. List two example elements for each of these groups or classes:<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>Alkali Metals:</b> Lithium and Sodium</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> <b>Alkaline Earth:</b> Beryllium and Magnesium</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> <b>Halogens:</b> Fluorine and Chlorine</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> <b> Noble Gases:</b> Argon and Helium</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> <b>Transition Metals:</b> Scandium and Yttrium</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> <b>Non-Metals:</b> Hydrogen and Carbon</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> <b>Metalloids:</b> Boron and Silicon</span>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-82297528799807256142011-06-19T10:30:00.000-07:002011-07-06T20:24:45.810-07:00Activity 1 Continued<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Scientific Method/Process</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Observation reported</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Observation confirmed by others</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Hypothesis suggested</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Experiments designed to test hypothesis</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Experiments do not support hypothesis</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Hypothesis rejected</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">New hypothesis offered- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">my main hypothesis was reported before experiment</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">New experiments tried-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> the experiments were tried</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Experiments support (new) hypothesis- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">the experiment outcome matched the hypothesis</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Experiments repeated and results confirmed- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">the experiment was repeated to see if it followed the same pattern</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Theory formulated- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">the theory was formulated from the two experiments</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Theory</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">1. 1. Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">My theory is that the hot water freezes slower than the cold but catches up in the end and freezes at about the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">same time as the cold water.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">2. Does hot water or cold water boil faster?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">My theory is that hot water boils a minute faster than the cold water.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">3. Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">My theory is that the regular water froze faster by 30 minutes compared to the salt water.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-weight: normal;"></span>Animation of water molecules in the three states of matter.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Solid Liquid Gas</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2cjOTAEvJqN2BOlWoyKl9Lj_R53OX9giqTZ4v2LKiZU3oMo7BuT12oJZZsvqvIXtymdlw-G54kp3PCHND_CaOtk-aGmMKP4bY3woAiFahYlEOzi4EV9F3DluRN24WfIjCLfknmITxsWA/s1600/2011-07-069519.15.08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2cjOTAEvJqN2BOlWoyKl9Lj_R53OX9giqTZ4v2LKiZU3oMo7BuT12oJZZsvqvIXtymdlw-G54kp3PCHND_CaOtk-aGmMKP4bY3woAiFahYlEOzi4EV9F3DluRN24WfIjCLfknmITxsWA/s320/2011-07-069519.15.08.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b>Image of the atoms that make up water molecules</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>H2O Hydrogen and Oxygen</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCHsQIY1SUBPlM5toF5rZGr8p_NHNRqKmwN4_p_AiwDsWoC3Tb2_c12nB-3ROk-mrPOjeZ1N24ypQvNBt4MOuqROgLSxdXauR5mc7eOisyS7hLwBut5tJsSxm1Pgf_2AVKe8F_UXS2enI/s1600/2011-07-069519.29.26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCHsQIY1SUBPlM5toF5rZGr8p_NHNRqKmwN4_p_AiwDsWoC3Tb2_c12nB-3ROk-mrPOjeZ1N24ypQvNBt4MOuqROgLSxdXauR5mc7eOisyS7hLwBut5tJsSxm1Pgf_2AVKe8F_UXS2enI/s320/2011-07-069519.29.26.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Hydrogen Atom</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOOEx3imdipFTzJjATrclhyW7PcL8V7bbGcorJGeA0oHmRYl0kqZK7S_qjHRDgS9Jns2nNNjZXk17Evzfo_w3xkjFMB3vPYJ0dZXyj2RfnYjIgkK5VoDnWYU8wUKkxMVqWAOiI2LirS2w/s1600/images.jpg.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOOEx3imdipFTzJjATrclhyW7PcL8V7bbGcorJGeA0oHmRYl0kqZK7S_qjHRDgS9Jns2nNNjZXk17Evzfo_w3xkjFMB3vPYJ0dZXyj2RfnYjIgkK5VoDnWYU8wUKkxMVqWAOiI2LirS2w/s1600/images.jpg.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Oxygen Atom</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiabE7SrmhZWOyckawqfhxpHkm41_oavqxYzm_pRCkY_C2NCgRRCoRJXaNWkAw4Fuz7eK9qe-couQi8EItX8DmmzxkjCdndTVaJASlJ5rgx-9hHmux7d04xo-N6tBsMKZeWgPHPoEL6IZk/s1600/Unknown.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiabE7SrmhZWOyckawqfhxpHkm41_oavqxYzm_pRCkY_C2NCgRRCoRJXaNWkAw4Fuz7eK9qe-couQi8EItX8DmmzxkjCdndTVaJASlJ5rgx-9hHmux7d04xo-N6tBsMKZeWgPHPoEL6IZk/s1600/Unknown.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>My controlled variables for the experiments:<br />
1. Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Quantity of water for each: 1/4 cup of hot(212 degrees F) and 1/4 cup of cold(42 degrees F) water.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Temperature of the freezer.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Temperature of water before freezing hot 212 degrees F, cold 42 degrees F.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Size of container each water was frozen in same material and size.</span><br />
2. Does hot water or cold water boil faster?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Quantity of water for each: 2 cups of hot(120 degrees F) water and 2 cups of cold(42 degrees F) water.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Size and material of pot the same.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Same stove used to boil water</span>.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Temperature before boiling hot 120 degrees F, cold 42 degrees F.</span><br />
3. Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Temperature of water both 68 degrees F</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Amount of salt in one dish one tsp. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Size and material of container water is frozen in.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"> Quantity of water for each: 1/4 cup each</span>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8608122529920894716.post-16010972560778086432011-06-19T09:53:00.000-07:002011-07-06T20:24:17.805-07:00Activity 1<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Graph of Boils Faster Data</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMcIszTPA_3DgtE1F8OsrA0XspqlKtc31xfi1_vjKou3OqYydxn9D-k7l4uDkfnVNvBJdSOlKj82SCESl5qghhpXwMENmlLj16TCMNwof-elECCMMigz5mxK255LZ7dPfzinygH4s1qo4/s1600/2011-07-069520.00.35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMcIszTPA_3DgtE1F8OsrA0XspqlKtc31xfi1_vjKou3OqYydxn9D-k7l4uDkfnVNvBJdSOlKj82SCESl5qghhpXwMENmlLj16TCMNwof-elECCMMigz5mxK255LZ7dPfzinygH4s1qo4/s320/2011-07-069520.00.35.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Graph of Freeze Faster Data</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVxoG-8jhex8z6_SaBsVqfuVd5SJ-uMP4fBTJkVvHRe9OyMWjkNSvCGhLPeHKbItRZB_o8sQO3tbqHIkHMeGfKUJeur8uJcB4xlLcfIY7TBZI9yINE-tZWWaf7qyGqcxhOcN2ISSmIeok/s1600/2011-07-069519.52.48.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVxoG-8jhex8z6_SaBsVqfuVd5SJ-uMP4fBTJkVvHRe9OyMWjkNSvCGhLPeHKbItRZB_o8sQO3tbqHIkHMeGfKUJeur8uJcB4xlLcfIY7TBZI9yINE-tZWWaf7qyGqcxhOcN2ISSmIeok/s320/2011-07-069519.52.48.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Experiment Repeated</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">When the experiment was repeated the results were about the same the only difference was the time that it froze or boiled, I think because it was a hotter day out than the first one so it took longer for all to freeze.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Experimental Materials and Setup</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZCvuSpxg9XK25CeEHDnKY7D-Re_Ul4HW6n66rekCmLgt_lqeGKsQOt9yWFFFxHqIqP8LgvxoAx9wnE8-cfQtdtbWFTV8qRNMXzw1Vxn0hCxRQOuHDXlAdbbzWpA48nxfZ9c2YW7moBAs/s1600/CIMG1580.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZCvuSpxg9XK25CeEHDnKY7D-Re_Ul4HW6n66rekCmLgt_lqeGKsQOt9yWFFFxHqIqP8LgvxoAx9wnE8-cfQtdtbWFTV8qRNMXzw1Vxn0hCxRQOuHDXlAdbbzWpA48nxfZ9c2YW7moBAs/s1600/CIMG1580.JPG" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir_vdI82ONXc0pf9ePcbP3dPW_UH9yvzGwO9FAQWl3JSz_t_gUnmK11J2hcbrCAwG5CPWfKFZHjzn-Q3YOjsoGK2whyd0C9kD0IFsX348cAfW5RuBvFfilnvMpmN2ZGaJzeWD_EBJmVKo/s1600/CIMG1591.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir_vdI82ONXc0pf9ePcbP3dPW_UH9yvzGwO9FAQWl3JSz_t_gUnmK11J2hcbrCAwG5CPWfKFZHjzn-Q3YOjsoGK2whyd0C9kD0IFsX348cAfW5RuBvFfilnvMpmN2ZGaJzeWD_EBJmVKo/s320/CIMG1591.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAUcEMRsXtuaz5GehP4ySGhYduLPNTZ-H0lEPqk4gMGl-PWKKx_q9wtAn0eYfi5VjzNGjqGWZDBrvrFidSt_dqkuauP3hQ-0PiZLNUP5sMMZoyACDqajitjVKHpAp_QmnHDCMBtFdx9OA/s1600/CIMG1592.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAUcEMRsXtuaz5GehP4ySGhYduLPNTZ-H0lEPqk4gMGl-PWKKx_q9wtAn0eYfi5VjzNGjqGWZDBrvrFidSt_dqkuauP3hQ-0PiZLNUP5sMMZoyACDqajitjVKHpAp_QmnHDCMBtFdx9OA/s320/CIMG1592.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>My Hypothesis for the experimental questions:<br />
1. Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Cold water will freeze faster.</span><br />
2. Does hot water or cold water boil faster?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Hot water will boil faster.</span><br />
3. Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Salt water will freeze slower than regular water.</span>Ashleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00291725998709762665noreply@blogger.com0